Good topic, as you can imagine I have OCD when it comes to cleaning my bike
After each ride, wipe down everything with a damp cloth. I have a spray bottle of a very weak solution of CT18 that I use to dampen the cloth.
If the bike is muddy, I wash the bike with slow running water and a soft brush, then wipe dry with a chamois, use the air blow to get bulk water off.
After washing & drying I wipe over the frame with a cloth sprayed with silicone spray. That was a pro-tip I saw somewhere, stops mud etc. sticking to frame and makes it really easy to wash off.
Chain gets a quick blow with air to get the bulk water off, a wipe with a cloth and then a lube with 'Squirts' brand lube.
If the chain is really muddy/covered in crap then I use a chain cleaner (Park Tool) with a heavy CT18 solution, followed by a wash with water and dry/lube as above.
For the brake discs I use another pro-tip of isopropyl alcohol wipes, I use multiple wipes until the new wipe is clean.