Pity most manufacturers do not have specs definitions such as Land Rover. Looking at the specs for the Discovery 4 you find that Kerb (Weight from), GVM (Gross vehicle weight), Towing and Roof weight limits all defined.
Weights (kg)
Weight from 2,570 (Including fluids, 90% fuel and 75kg driver)
Gross vehicle weight 3,240
Towing (kg)
Max towing 3,500
Unbraked trailer 750
Maximum trailer nose weight 350
Maximum mass of vehicle and trailer combination (GTW) 6,740
Carrying (kg)
Maximum roof load (including roof rails/bars) 75
Maximum payload (including driver 75kg) 670
Makes it a lot easier to figure out what you can and cannot do wrt weights.
There is also a bit that they don't tell you, possibly because there are far too many variables involved to even try and list them.
The following is an email I received from Land Rover a couple of years ago in answer to a question regarding the off road towing capacity of a Defender.
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The Towing mass is reduced when the vehicle is used off-road to the levels below
Unbraked Trailer 500kg
Overrun Brakes 1000kg
Fully Coupled Brakes 1500kg
Please do not hesitate to contact us with any query.
Regards
David Jensen
Land Rover Australia
Tel: 1800 809 308
Email:contactus@landrover-customers.com.au
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I would not be the slightest bit surprised if the carrying capacity would also be reduced in off sealed road road conditions and the same would apply to all other makes.
It really is just common sense. You can't load a car to its maximum or beyond then take it into rough conditions and expect maximum reliability. This is a major reason why so many break in the bush.
In my armed forces days we were taught to reduce towing and carrying capacity by 50%.