Radar (RAdio Detection And Ranging) uses doppler shift to detect the speed that an object is travelling towards or away from the antenna. Their calibration is checked by the operator, using tuning forks, at the start of every shift. The units mounted in police vehicles can be used both in mobile mode and static mode. Hand held radar (like laser) can only be used whilst stationary.
In mobile mode the unit is not only detecting the speed of the target vehicle; but also that of the police vehicle. Most police use the radar in 'fastest' mode. In this mode the display on the radar will show the target speed, the fastest target speed and the patrol speed. The main target speed is that of the biggest object, the fastest is pretty self explanatory and the patrol speed is that of the police vehicle.
In static mode only the target and fastest displays are active. Hand held radar units only have one target display screen. Laser speed detection devices show both speed and range.
In Victoria the radar and laser units have a +/-2kph tolerance range, and thus a person driving a vehicle travelling at say 111kph in a 100kph zone would actually get a PIN for 0-9kph over ($180/1pt), instead of the original 10-15kph over ($289/3pts).
I'm not sure about how other states do theirs.
oh, and mobile/fixed speed cameras have +/-3kph tolerance